Annual number of debit card transactions in Estonia 2004-2023, per capita

The figures have been taken from several publications, as (the quality of) data tracking of card payments can vary significantly between countries.

All figures stem from either the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) or the European Central Bank (ECB). Both use figures submitted by the country's central bank.

2022 figures and beyond - release date November 2023 and later - made significant strides in reporting quality - causing a sometimes significant break in methodology in individual countries. Statista sometimes still had to calculate figures, however, as card figures were split between non-remote and remote use cases.

2021 figures and before - with a release date of July 2022, or earlier - are all Statista estimates. Statista used the following indicators - which did not return after the figures covering 2022:

1. Credit cards

• Number of cards with a credit function.

2. Debit cards

• Number of cards with a debit function.

The following additional sources have been used to provide further context to these figures:

1. Per capita, 15 years and older: World Bank;
2. U.S. dollar conversion: Bilateral exchange rates from Bank for International Settlements (BIS)