In 2018 Sweden spent 3.32 percent of its gross domestic product on research and development, the highest in Europe in this year. the country which spent the lowest share of GDP on research and development was Romania at just 0.5 percent.
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in selected European countries in 2018
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OECD. (August 19, 2020). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in selected European countries in 2018 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved November 10, 2024, from https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/420958/gerd-as-a-share-of-gdp-in-europe/
OECD. "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in selected European countries in 2018." Chart. August 19, 2020. Statista. Accessed November 10, 2024. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/420958/gerd-as-a-share-of-gdp-in-europe/
OECD. (2020). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in selected European countries in 2018. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: November 10, 2024. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/420958/gerd-as-a-share-of-gdp-in-europe/
OECD. "Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) as a Percentage of Gdp in Selected European Countries in 2018." Statista, Statista Inc., 19 Aug 2020, https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/420958/gerd-as-a-share-of-gdp-in-europe/
OECD, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in selected European countries in 2018 Statista, https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/420958/gerd-as-a-share-of-gdp-in-europe/ (last visited November 10, 2024)
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in selected European countries in 2018 [Graph], OECD, August 19, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/420958/gerd-as-a-share-of-gdp-in-europe/
