Michel Rocard was the Prime Minister of the Fifth Republic who made the most use of the 49.3 article, indeed, he used it 28 times. The controversial article of the Constitution allows the Prime Minister to engage the government's responsibility and adopt a reform without facing the Parliament's vote. For instance, Elisabeth Borne was highly criticized by opposition parties, and by the French, when she used the article in order to pass the pension reform of 2023.
Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2023, by Prime Minister
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Vie publique. (December 20, 2023). Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2023, by Prime Minister [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved November 10, 2024, from https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique. "Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2023, by Prime Minister ." Chart. December 20, 2023. Statista. Accessed November 10, 2024. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique. (2023). Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2023, by Prime Minister . Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: November 10, 2024. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique. "Number of times That Article 49.3 Was Used in The National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2023, by Prime Minister ." Statista, Statista Inc., 20 Dec 2023, https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/
Vie publique, Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2023, by Prime Minister Statista, https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/ (last visited November 10, 2024)
Number of times that article 49.3 was used in the National Assembly in France from 1958 to 2023, by Prime Minister [Graph], Vie publique, December 20, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1471967/use-of-article-493-in-france-by-prime-minister/