Italy has consistently been the European country with the highest rate of self-employment since 1995, in spite of the share of self-employed people in its workforce declining consistently since 2004, from 24.6 percent in that year, to less than 20 percent in 2022. Over this time period, Spain also saw its self-employment rate fall consistently, with the southern European country's share of self-employed workers falling behind that of the UK since 2020. Germany is the European country with notably few self-employed workers, as the country's specialization in large industry means that many more workers are employed in medium or large enterprises.
Share of the total workforce that is self-employed in selected European countries from 1995 to 2022
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Eurostat, & Office for National Statistics (UK). (September 21, 2023). Share of the total workforce that is self-employed in selected European countries from 1995 to 2022 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved November 13, 2024, from https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1424014/self-employment-rate-select-european-countries/
Eurostat, und Office for National Statistics (UK). "Share of the total workforce that is self-employed in selected European countries from 1995 to 2022." Chart. September 21, 2023. Statista. Accessed November 13, 2024. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1424014/self-employment-rate-select-european-countries/
Eurostat, Office for National Statistics (UK). (2023). Share of the total workforce that is self-employed in selected European countries from 1995 to 2022. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: November 13, 2024. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1424014/self-employment-rate-select-european-countries/
Eurostat, and Office for National Statistics (UK). "Share of The Total Workforce That Is Self-employed in Selected European Countries from 1995 to 2022." Statista, Statista Inc., 21 Sep 2023, https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1424014/self-employment-rate-select-european-countries/
Eurostat & Office for National Statistics (UK), Share of the total workforce that is self-employed in selected European countries from 1995 to 2022 Statista, https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1424014/self-employment-rate-select-european-countries/ (last visited November 13, 2024)
Share of the total workforce that is self-employed in selected European countries from 1995 to 2022 [Graph], Eurostat, & Office for National Statistics (UK), September 21, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.canberra.edu.au/statistics/1424014/self-employment-rate-select-european-countries/
